Richard N. Gardner

Senior Counsel

Richard N. Gardner is senior counsel in Morgan Lewis's Business and Finance Practice and professor of law and international organization at Columbia University. He served as U.S. ambassador to Italy from 1977 to 1981, as U.S. ambassador to Spain from 1993 to 1997, and as Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for International Organization Affairs from 1961 to 1965.

He is a former member of the President's Advisory Committee on Trade Policy and Negotiations (ACTPN) and a current member of the State Department's Advisory Committee on International Economic Policy.

Mr. Gardner holds a Doctor of Jurisprudence from Yale Law School; a Doctor of Philosophy degree in economics from Oxford, where he studied as a Rhodes Scholar; and a Bachelor of Arts degree in economics from Harvard. His Oxford thesis, published by the Oxford University Press as Sterling-Dollar Diplomacy, has been described as the "classic" study of Anglo-American economic collaboration in the creation of the Bretton Woods institutions and GATT.

He is the author of several other books on international affairs, including In Pursuit of World Order: US Foreign Policy and International Organization. His latest book, Mission Italy: On the Front Lines of the Cold War, was published in Italian in September 2004 by Mondadori and in English in September 2005 by Rowman & Littlefield.

Mr. Gardner's wife of 52 years, Danielle Almeida Luzzatto, passed away in January of 2008. She is survived by their two children, Nina Gardner, a lawyer and international business consultant in Washington, D.C., and Anthony Gardner, a lawyer and former member of the staff of the National Security Council who is currently director of structured finance with the private equity firm of Palamon Capital Partners in London.